Depression is not just feeling sad. According to ICD (International Classification of Diseases) guidelines, depression is diagnosed when a person experiences certain emotional and physical changes consistently for at least two weeks. Recognising Depression Symptoms early helps in seeking the right professional support and preventing the condition from becoming severe.
Core Symptoms as per ICD Guidelines
The ICD framework highlights three core symptoms, and at least two of these must be present:
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Depressed Mood
The person experiences persistent sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, most of the day, nearly every day. -
Loss of Interest or Pleasure
Activities that once felt enjoyable no longer bring happiness. This is known as anhedonia. -
Reduced Energy and Fatigue
Even simple tasks feel exhausting. Motivation drops, and daily functioning becomes difficult.
These core Depression Symptoms form the foundation of clinical diagnosis.
Additional Symptoms to Assess
Based on ICD guidelines, several additional symptoms can appear. These help determine the severity of the depression:
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Difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly
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Reduced self-esteem or confidence
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Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or inadequacy
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A pessimistic and negative view of the future
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Disturbed sleep: either insomnia or excessive sleep
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Changes in appetite: decreased or increased
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Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
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Slow speech, slow movements, or restlessness
When combined with the core symptoms, these signs show how depression influences the entire system—emotionally, mentally, and physically.
Severity Levels (ICD-Based Classification)
| Severity | Criteria |
|---|---|
| Mild Depression | At least 2 core symptoms + 2–3 additional symptoms. Daily life continues, but with difficulty. |
| Moderate Depression | 2 core symptoms + 4 or more additional symptoms. Work, study, and relationships are noticeably affected. |
| Severe Depression | All 3 core symptoms + multiple additional symptoms. Daily functioning becomes extremely difficult, sometimes with suicidal thoughts or psychotic features. |
This classification helps professionals plan the right treatment approach.
When to Seek Help
If someone experiences Depression Symptoms for more than two weeks, it is important to consult a trained mental health professional. Therapy, emotional support, structured lifestyle practices, and sometimes medication can bring recovery. Depression is treatable, and reaching out for help is the first step toward healing.